This book explores some of the common socio-economic and environmental challenges faced by the cities of South Asia, which remain highly under-researched. South Asia comprises eight nations-India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, consisting of a total population of 1.92 billion in 2022. The majority of the cities in these countries are characterized by haphazard urbanization and multi-dimensional poverty alongside its associated ingredients- floods, water scarcity, food crises, poor sanitation, slums and squatter settlements, and pollution, among others. This comprehensive book is contributed by interdisciplinary scholars and includes 25 case studies. The volume brings these socio-economic and environmental challenges to the fore for a better and more nuanced understanding. The book help policymakers to mitigate the challenges and build sustainable cities.