JOSEPH N. COOPER is the inaugural Dr. J. Keith Motely Endowed Chair of Sport Leadership and Administration at the University of Massachusetts Boston. He is the author of From Exploitation Back to Empowerment: Black Male Holistic (Under)Development through Sport and (Mis)Education and A Legacy of African American Resistance and Activism through Sport.

GERALD HORNE is the John and Rebecca Moores Professor of History and African American Studies at the University of Houston. He is the author of over thirty books, including Revolting Capital: Racism and Radicalism in Washington, D.C., 1900–2000 and The Counter Revolution of 1836: Texas Slavery and Jim Crow and the Roots of U.S. Fascism.