The contributions in this book examine the "realia" of astrological activity, a domain which has received little attention in the field of the history of astrology in Medieval and Early Modern times. What was the social and academic background of astrologers? What kind of techniques and methods did they use and what was their understanding of astrology as a whole? The book also explores what clients expected and how they used astrological counselling. Addressees of astrological texts were found in various levels of society. General conclusions can therefore be drawn on how astrology was perceived in society, as well as on the interconnections between astrologers, astrological practice and their recipients. All articles are in English.